The examples show round numbers in one or more of the notations and some documented and reasonably well known instances.Įxamples of slopes in the various notations For ratios, larger numbers n of 1 in n are shallower, easier slopes. as a percentage, the formula for which is 100 × rise run Example slopes comparing the notations įor degrees, percentage (%) and per-mille (‰) notations, larger numbers are steeper slopes.(This is the angle α opposite the "rise" side of a triangle with a right angle between vertical rise and horizontal run.) as an angle of inclination to the horizontal.Nomenclature Illustration of grades (percentages), angles in degrees and ratio. The grade may refer to the longitudinal slope or the perpendicular cross slope. Slopes of existing physical features such as canyons and hillsides, stream and river banks and beds are often described as grades, but typically grades are used for human-made surfaces such as roads, landscape grading, roof pitches, railroads, aqueducts, and pedestrian or bicycle routes. Often slope is calculated as a ratio of "rise" to "run", or as a fraction ("rise over run") in which run is the horizontal distance (not the distance along the slope) and rise is the vertical distance. A larger number indicates higher or steeper degree of "tilt". It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. The grade (also called slope, incline, gradient, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal. For other uses, see Slope (disambiguation). This article is about the grade of a topographic feature or constructed element.
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